Scientists link weight to gut bacteria

흥미로운 기사다, 비만이 배속의 박테리아와 관계가 있다는... 음식의 대사가 활동량도 아니고 유전적 요인도 아니고 순환의 문제도 아니고 박테리아 때문일 수 있다는 새로운 설... 같은 체형의 쥐와 사람에게 공통적인 박테리아가 발견됐단다. 비만한 체형에서 발견된 박테리아를 마른 체형에 넣었더니 두배로 뚱뚱해졌다고 한다... 더이상의 자세한 이야기는 아래를 읽어보시길...

권위있는 기관들의 연구 결과임에도 비만 원인의 방향이 지금까지와 너무 달라서 '진짜???' 라고 묻고 싶어진다, 그 모든 것이 사실이어서 단번에 비만에 관련된 모든 문제가 해결되기를 바람에도 불구하고...

By SETH BORENSTEIN, AP Science Writer Wed Dec 20, 5:54 PM ET WASHINGTON - Maybe it's germs that are making you fat. ADVERTISEMENT Researchers found a strong connection between obesity and the levels of certain types of bacteria in the gut. That could mean that someday there will be novel new ways of treating obesity that go beyond the standard advice of diet and exercise. According to two studies being published in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature, both obese mice and people had more of one type of bacteria and less of another kind. A "microbial component" appears to contribute to obesity, said study lead author Jeffrey Gordon, director of Washington University's Center for Genome Sciences. Obese humans and mice had a lower percentage of a family of bacteria called Bacteroidetes and more of a type of bacteria called Firmicutes, Gordon and his colleagues found. The researchers aren't sure if more Firmicutes makes you fat or if people who are obese grow more of that type of bacteria. But growing evidence of this link gives scientists a potentially new and still distant way of fighting obesity: Change the bacteria in the intestines and stomach. It also may lead to a way of fighting malnutrition in the developing world. "We are getting more and more evidence to show that obesity isn't what we thought it used to be," said Nikhil Dhurandhar, a professor of infection and obesity at Louisiana State University's Pennington Biomedical Research Center. "It isn't just (that) you're eating too much and you're lazy." Dhurandhar wasn't part of the research, but said it may change the way obesity is treated eventually. He said the field of "infectobesity" looks at obesity with multiple causes, including viruses and microbes. In another decade or so, the different causes of obesity could have different treatments. The current regimen of diet and exercise "is like treating all fevers with one aspirin," Dhurandhar said. In one of the two studies in Nature, Gordon and colleagues looked at what happened in mice with changes in bacteria level. When lean mice with no germs in their guts had larger ratios of Firmicutes transplanted, they got "twice as fat" and took in more calories from the same amount of food than mice with the more normal bacteria ratio, said Washington University microbiology instructor Ruth Ley, a study co-author. It was as if one group got far more calories from the same bowl of Cheerios than the other, Gordon said. In a study of dozen dieting people, the results also were dramatic. Before dieting, about 3 percent of the gut bacteria in the obese participants was Bacteroidetes. But after dieting, the now normal-sized people had much higher levels of Bacteroidetes — close to 15 percent, Gordon said. "I think that gut bacteria affects body weight," said Virginia Commonwealth University pathology professor Richard Atkinson, who wasn't part of the research team and is president of Obetech Obesity Research Center in Richmond. "I don't think there's any doubt about that and they showed that." The growing field of research puts more importance in the trillions of microbes that live in our guts and elsewhere, crediting it with everything from generations of people getting taller to increases in diabetes and asthma. People are born germ-free, but within days they have a gut blooming with microbes. The microbes come from first foods — either breast milk or formula — the exterior environment, and the way the babies are born, said Stanford University medicine and microbiology professor David Relman, who was not part of the study. For decades, doctors have treated bacteria in a "warlike" manner, yet recent research shows that "most encounters we have with microbes are very beneficial," Gordon said. "Much of who we are and what we can do and can't do as human beings is directly related to microbial inhabitants," Relman said. ___ On the Net: http://www.nature.com/nature